People

The builders, teachers, and performers behind the form.

This section tracks the people who invented key formats, founded institutions, taught major generations of players, and pushed improvisation into new theatrical and cultural contexts.

People Documented

295

Biographical entries currently live in the archive.

Profiles with Narrative

224

Entries with a written summary beyond name and dates.

Birth-Year Span

1906-1989

Current documented range of recorded birth years.

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Foundational biographies

These are some of the earliest figures currently documented in the archive. They provide a practical entry point into the early institutional history of improv.

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1906-1994

Viola Spolin

Teacher

Viola Spolin (1906-1994) was the Chicago educator, director, and author who created the Theater Games system, the foundational pedagogy for improvisational acting in the United States. Trained by social educator Neva Boyd at Hull House and forged through a decade of WPA recreation work in Chicago's immigrant neighborhoods, Spolin developed a method of actor training built on structured play, side-coaching, and a discipline she called spontaneity. Her landmark book, Improvisation for the Theater (1963), translated the games into print and established improv as a teachable practice with its own theory of learning. Through her son Paul Sills, who co-founded the Compass Players and The Second City, her method reached every major American improv institution operating today.

1921-2011

Josephine Forsberg

Founder, Teacher

Josephine Forsberg is a Chicago-based improvisation teacher and theater administrator who trained under Viola Spolin, became Spolin's teaching assistant, and took over the central improvisational teaching role in Chicago when Spolin relocated to the West Coast. In the early 1970s she founded The Players Workshop, widely described as Chicago's first fully structured independent improv school, where she organized exercises into a graduated syllabus, built a faculty, and created a pathway through which large numbers of students could study improvisation outside the Second City company structure. She also helped run the Second City Touring Company, produced children's theatre programming, and in the early 1980s invited David Shepherd back to Chicago, helping create the conditions from which ImprovOlympic would emerge.

1922-2013

Bernie Sahlins

Co-Founder

Bernie Sahlins (1922-2013) was the producer, director, and co-founder of The Second City who transformed Chicago improvisation from an experimental breakthrough into one of the most durable comedy institutions in North America. A University of Chicago graduate who had already produced at the Studebaker Theatre and co-founded Playwrights Theatre Club, Sahlins invested the initial capital to open The Second City on North Wells Street in December 1959 alongside Paul Sills and Howard Alk, then stewarded the company through its most consequential decades of growth. Under his watch, Second City launched the careers of John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Gilda Radner, Bill Murray, John Candy, Martin Short, and Tina Fey, developed the Toronto company that produced SCTV, and established the producing model that Andrew Alexander extended after purchasing the company in 1985.

1924-2018

David Shepherd

Co-Creator, Co-Founder

David Shepherd (1924-2018) was the producer, organizer, and theatrical visionary who helped found Playwrights Theatre Club and The Compass Players in Chicago in the 1950s, then spent the following six decades advocating for improvisation as a civic and democratic practice. A Harvard-educated New Yorker who hitchhiked to Chicago in 1952, Shepherd conceived the Compass Players as a people's theater modeled on political cabaret and commedia dell'arte, one in which improvisation would make theater responsive to ordinary audiences rather than serve trained performers. He later created the Improvisation Olympics in New York in 1972, co-founded the Canadian Improv Games, and provided the original competitive framework that became ImprovOlympic. The Second City has stated that without David Shepherd there would be no Second City.

1933-2023

Keith Johnstone

Co-Founder, Founder

Keith Johnstone (1933-2023) was the British-Canadian teacher, director, and writer who created one of improv's two major international lineages, distinct from and parallel to the Chicago tradition. Developing his system at London's Royal Court Theatre in the late 1950s and 1960s, then maturing it at the University of Calgary and Loose Moose Theatre Company from 1972 onward, Johnstone built a practice grounded in status dynamics, mask work, narrative play, and competitive formats such as Theatresports. His books Impro (1979) and Impro for Storytellers (1999) became primary texts across dozens of countries, and Theatresports is performed under license in more than thirty nations. For improvisers outside the United States, Johnstone is frequently the foundational figure rather than a secondary one.

1934-1999

Del Close

Artistic Director, Director, Performer

Del Close (1934-1999) was the improviser, director, and teacher most closely associated with the development of long-form improvisation in America. Beginning at the Compass Players in St. Louis in 1957, he passed through multiple tenures at The Second City in Chicago, co-founded The Committee in San Francisco where he developed the earliest versions of the Harold around 1967, and ultimately partnered with Charna Halpern at ImprovOlympic in Chicago from 1982 until his death. His students included John Belushi, Gilda Radner, Bill Murray, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and the founding members of the Upright Citizens Brigade. He co-authored Truth in Comedy in 1994, codifying the Harold for a generation of long-form practitioners worldwide.

1952

Charna Halpern

Co-Founder, Founder

Charna Halpern (born 1952) is the Chicago producer, teacher, and institution-builder who co-founded ImprovOlympic with Del Close in 1981 and built it into iO Theater, the central Chicago home of long-form improvisation for four decades. Working first in David Shepherd's competition-based framework and then in sustained partnership with Close, Halpern provided the organizational structure, training curriculum, and institutional continuity that transformed the Harold from a workshop experiment into the dominant form in American long-form improv. She co-authored Truth in Comedy (1994) with Close and Kim Howard Johnson, trained Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Chris Farley, and Mike Myers, and facilitated the team pairings that launched the Upright Citizens Brigade.

Mick Napier

Director, Founder, Writer

Mick Napier (born 1962) is the founder of The Annoyance Theatre in Chicago, a director, teacher, and author whose work defined one of the field's most influential counter-traditions to conventional improv pedagogy. Where other schools emphasized agreement, politeness, and inherited rules, Napier built a practice around stronger individual choices, stranger material, and a belief that improvisers become better scene partners by becoming more powerful players rather than more deferential ones. His dual presence inside The Annoyance and The Second City made him one of Chicago's most consequential figures in the debate over what improv should look like and how it should be taught.

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Filter the registry to isolate founders, performers, writers, and other role groupings, or shift into birth-year order to see how the documented lineage accumulates over time.

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22

Showing 22 of 295 people in Performer.

Filters active.Role: Performer

Letter

A

4 profiles

Born 1940

Alan Myerson

AM
Co-FounderPerformer

Alan Myerson (born 1936) is a theatre and television director who co-founded The Committee, the politically satirical improvisational troupe that operated in San Francisco's North Beach from 1963 to 1972. A Second City alumnus who directed the company's second ensemble in Chicago, Myerson brought the improv-revue model to San Francisco and shaped it toward explicitly political and activist content, creating one of the most historically distinct improvisational companies in American comedy history. He subsequently directed more than two hundred television episodes for major network series and made his feature film debut with Steelyard Blues, starring Donald Sutherland and Jane Fonda.

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Born 1969

Ali Farahnakian

AF
Co-FounderPerformer

Ali Farahnakian is a New York-based improv performer, teacher, and founder of The People's Improv Theater (The PIT), which he established in New York City on December 6, 2002, as a tribute to his mentor Del Close. A founding member of the Upright Citizens Brigade ensemble in Chicago, a writer on Saturday Night Live's 25th anniversary season, and a graduate of ImprovOlympic under Del Close, Farahnakian built The PIT into one of New York's significant independent improv training institutions, with notable alumni including Ellie Kemper, Kristen Schaal, and Hannibal Buress.

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Born 1971

Amy Poehler

AP
Co-FounderPerformer

Amy Poehler (born 1971) is a performer, writer, producer, and co-founder of the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre whose career runs from training under Del Close in Chicago through SNL, Parks and Recreation, and decades of sustained creative leadership in American comedy. She trained at iO and The Second City in the early 1990s, helped found the UCB ensemble in 1996, and built a long-form improv institution in New York that became one of the defining training pipelines of the following generation. Her importance to improv history begins well before her television career and extends through the institutional infrastructure she helped create.

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Born 1966

Armando Diaz

AD
Co-FounderPerformer

Armando Diaz is a Harvey, Illinois-born improviser, director, and teacher who trained at ImprovOlympic under Del Close, at the Annoyance Theatre under Mick Napier, and through the Second City Conservatory before becoming a central figure in the development of long-form improvisation in both Chicago and New York. He is the namesake of The Armando Diaz Experience, Theatrical Movement and Hootenanny, a monologue-driven long-form show that premiered at iO Chicago in 1995 with a founding cast including Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Matt Besser, Ian Roberts, Rachel Dratch, Neil Flynn, Adam McKay, and David Koechner. The show ran every Monday night at iO Chicago for decades and is cited as the longest-running improv show in history. The Armando format it established directly influenced ASSSSCAT at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. Diaz co-founded the Magnet Theater in New York in 2005 and remains its co-owner and primary director.

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Letter

C

2 profiles

Dates not yet added

Cale Bain

CB
FounderPerformer

Cale Bain is a Canadian-born improviser, director, educator, and academic based in Sydney, Australia, who has been performing and teaching improvisational comedy since 1988. He trained through the Second City Theatre Company in Toronto before relocating to Australia, where he became Director of Training at Impro Australia and co-founded Improv Theatre Sydney. He served as improv director for Foxtel's Australian adaptation of Whose Line Is It Anyway? and launched Sydney's first longform improv show, Full Body Contact No Love Tennis, which ran for nearly a decade. He holds a PhD in humour, journalism and discourse from the University of Technology Sydney, where he has conducted grant-funded applied improv research with refugee communities and university students.

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Born 1957

Colin Mochrie

CM
Performer

Colin Andrew Mochrie is a Scottish-born Canadian actor and improvisational comedian, born November 30, 1957, in Kilmarnock, Scotland, who is the most continuously visible performer in the history of televised improv. He trained at Studio 58 at Langara College in Vancouver and was among the founding members of the Vancouver TheatreSports League before spending three years with The Second City Toronto. He subsequently appeared in every episode of the American Whose Line Is It Anyway?, hosted by Drew Carey on ABC and later the CW, and had already established himself as a regular on the British edition hosted by Clive Anderson on Channel 4. His improv partnership with Ryan Stiles is among the most celebrated in the history of performance improv. He tours with Hyprov: Improv Under Hypnosis, a hybrid show co-created with hypnotist Asad Mecci.

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Letter

D

3 profiles

Dates not yet added

Dan O'Connor

DO
Performer

Dan O'Connor is a Los Angeles-based improviser, director, teacher, and author who co-founded BATS Improv (Bay Area Theatresports) in San Francisco, co-founded LA Theatresports in Los Angeles, and founded Impro Theatre, a critically acclaimed company specializing in fully improvised, genre-specific long-form narrative productions under the format titles Shakespeare UnScripted, Jane Austen UnScripted, Chekhov UnScripted, and Sondheim UnScripted, among others. He trained with Keith Johnstone, Phelim McDermott, and Lee Simpson, and has been performing and teaching improvisation professionally since 1986. He co-authored Life UnScripted and Ensemble!, both published by North Atlantic Books.

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Born 1960

David Pasquesi

DP
Performer

David Pasquesi is a Chicago actor and improviser who trained with Del Close at iO Theater for fifteen years, performed four revues at The Second City Mainstage, and co-created the long-form improvisational duo TJ and Dave with T.J. Jagodowski beginning in 2002. His sustained commitment to the Harold form and his unscripted long-form practice with Jagodowski have established him as one of the most respected improvisers in the Chicago tradition. The New York Times described TJ and Dave as 'Second City-seasoned masters of long form improv,' and their monthly residency at Barrow Street Theatre in New York placed the Chicago-developed long form before Off-Broadway audiences for more than a decade.

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1934-1999

Del Close

DC
Artistic DirectorDirectorPerformer

Del Close (1934-1999) was the improviser, director, and teacher most closely associated with the development of long-form improvisation in America. Beginning at the Compass Players in St. Louis in 1957, he passed through multiple tenures at The Second City in Chicago, co-founded The Committee in San Francisco where he developed the earliest versions of the Harold around 1967, and ultimately partnered with Charna Halpern at ImprovOlympic in Chicago from 1982 until his death. His students included John Belushi, Gilda Radner, Bill Murray, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and the founding members of the Upright Citizens Brigade. He co-authored Truth in Comedy in 1994, codifying the Harold for a generation of long-form practitioners worldwide.

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Letter

I

1 profile

Letter

M

3 profiles

Letter

P

2 profiles

Letter

R

1 profile

Letter

S

2 profiles

Letter

T

4 profiles

Born 1971

T.J. Jagodowski

TJ
Performer

One of the most acclaimed long-form improvisers in the history of the art form. Jagodowski is best known as one half of TJ and Dave, a two-person improvised show with David Pasquesi that has been running since 2002 at iO Theater. He performed with The Second City touring company and has taught at iO.

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1962-1995

Tim Sims

TS
Performer

A Canadian improviser and actor who performed at The Second City Toronto and on The Red Green Show. Sims died on February 2, 1995. The Tim Sims Encouragement Fund Award was established in his memory, and the Tim Sims Playhouse at Second City Toronto was named in his honor.

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Born 1970

Tina Fey

TF
Performer

Tina Fey (born 1970) is a writer, performer, showrunner, and producer whose career runs from the Chicago improv and sketch pipeline through Saturday Night Live to 30 Rock, Bossypants, Mean Girls, and more than two decades of American comedy leadership. She trained at iO and The Second City in Chicago in the early 1990s, became the first female head writer in SNL history, and built an ensemble-based creative practice rooted directly in the disciplines she developed in Chicago. Her improv formation is not incidental biography. It shaped how she constructs characters, builds writers' rooms, and produces collaborative comedy at scale.

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Born 1968

Todd Stashwick

TS
Performer

An actor and improviser who performed with The Second City touring company and Second City Detroit. Stashwick formed the experimental NYC improv troupe Burn Manhattan with fellow performers including Kate Walsh and Jeremy Piven. He later co-founded The Hothouse improv theatre in North Hollywood.

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